Stochastic bidding of volume and price in constrained energy and reserve markets

The power system is undergoing a significant change as it adapts to the intermittency and uncertainty from renewable generation. Flexibility loads such electric vehicles (EVs) can serve reserves sustain supply-demand balance in grid. Some reserve markets have rules for participation that are computationally challenging aggregators of flexible loads: they asked bid both volume price, on top this there minimum-volume requirement, constraint currently under discussion US European markets. Several state-of-the-art methods find bidding strategy demand scheduling large fleets day-ahead market adapted deal with shared constraint, compared based costs, unscheduled demand, running time. experimental analysis shows although significantly affects scalability, some proposed adaptations without much loss quality. This comparison also importance including good models dealing risk not meeting users’ demands, possible an optimal single price per time unit fleet EVs.